28. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

The competition to sell manuscripts to publishers ① is fierce. I would estimate that less than one percent of the material ② sent to publishers is ever published. Since so much material is being written, publishers can be very selective. The material they choose to publish must not only have commercial value, but ③being very competently written and free of editing and factual errors. Any manuscript that contains errors stands ④little chance at being accepted for publication. Most publishers will not want to waste time with writers ⑤whose material contains too many mistakes.

31. When Charles Darwin developed his theory of natural selection, he created a picture of the evolutionary process in which organismic adaptation was ultimately caused by competition for survival and reproduction. This biological “struggle for existence” bears considerable resemblance to the human struggle between businessmen who are striving for economic success in competitive markets. Long before Darwin published his work, social scientist Adam Smith had already considered that in business life, competition is the driving force behind economic efficiency and adaptation. It is indeed very striking how              the ideas are on which the founders of modern theory in evolutionary biology and economics based their main thoughts. [3점] 

*organismic: 유기체의

① similar

② confusing

③ unrealistic

④ conventional
⑤ complex

The difference between selling and marketing is very simple. Selling focuses mainly on the firm’s desire to sell products for revenue. 

(A) When a product or service is marketed in the proper manner, very little selling is necessary because the consumer need already exists and the product or service is merely being produced to satisfy the need.

(B) Salespeople and other forms of promotion are used to create demand for a firm’s current products. Clearly, the needs of the seller are very strong.

(C) Marketing, however, focuses on the needs of the consumer, ultimately benefiting the seller as well. When a product or service is truly marketed, the needs of the consumer are considered from the very beginning of the new product development process, and the product­service mix is designed to meet the unsatisfied needs of the consuming public.

*revenue: 수익

① (A)-(C)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)

⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) 

2016년 11월 고1 모의고사 영어 시험 주요문제 분석

Improved consumer water consciousness may be the cheapest way ① to save the most water, but it is not the only way consumers can contribute to water conservation. With technology progressing faster than ever before, there ② are plenty of devices that consumers can install in their homes to save more.

More than 35 models of high-efficiency toilets are on the U.S. market today, some of ③ them use less than 1.3 gallons per flush. Starting at $200, these toilets are affordable and can help the average consumer save hundreds of gallons of water per year. 

Appliances ④ officially approved as most efficient are tagged with the Energy Star logo to alert the shopper. Washing machines with that rating use 18 to 25 gallons of water per load, compared with older machines that use 40 gallons. High-efficiency dishwashers save ⑤ even more water. These machines use up to 50 percent less water than older models.

People are attracted to individuals and things they cannot readily obtain. In the case with things, people are more attracted to a desired object because it is out of their reach.

When the object of desire is finally gained, the attraction for the object rapidly decreases. Christmas presents provide a good example of this phenomenon. Toys children wanted all year long are thrown away several days after they are taken from gift boxes under the tree. The phenomenon also holds true for human interaction, particularly in the early stages of a developing relationship. The common dating rule has scientific merit. An individual should not always make himself or herself readily available to the person they are targeting for a longer-term relationship. A certain level of                will make you more of a mystery and a challenge. [3점]

We become more successful when we                       . For example, doctors put in a positive mood before making a diagnosis show almost three times more intelligence and creativity than doctors in a neutral state, and they make accurate diagnoses 19 percent faster. Salespeople who are optimistic sell more than those who are pessimistic by 56 percent. Students who are made to feel happy before taking math achievement tests perform much better than their neutral peers. It turns out that our brains are literally programmed to perform at their best not when they are negative or even neutral, but when they are positive.

2016년 11월 고2 모의고사 영어 시험 주요문제 분석

Why do we often feel that others are paying more attention to us than they really are? The spotlight effect means seeing ourselves at center stage, thus intuitively overestimating the extent ① to which others’ attention is aimed at us. Timothy Lawson explored the spotlight effect by having college students ② change into a sweatshirt with a big popular logo on the front before meeting a group of peers. Nearly 40 percent of them ③ were sure the other students would remember what the shirt said, but only 10 percent actually did. Most observers did not even notice ④ that the students changed sweatshirts after leaving the room for a few minutes. In another experiment, even noticeable clothes, such as a T-shirt with singer Barry

Manilow on it, ⑤ provoking only 23 percent of observers to notice ―far fewer than the 50 percent estimated by the students sporting the 1970s soft rock singer on their chests.

* sport: 자랑해 보이다

It’s possible to lie with numbers, even those that are accurate, because numbers rarely speak for themselves. They need to be interpreted by writers. And writers almost always have purposes that shape the interpretations. For example, you might want to announce the good news that unemployment in the United States stands at just a little over 5 percent. That means 95 percent of Americans have jobs, an employment rate much higher than that of most other industrial nations. But let’s spin the figure another way. In a country as populous as the United States, unemployment at 5 percent means that millions of Americans don’t earn a daily wage. Indeed, one out of every twenty adults who wants work can’t find it. Suddenly that’s a sobering number. And, as you can see, the same statistic can                                      . [3점]

* sobering: 정신이 번쩍 들게 하는

Inappropriate precision means giving information or figures to a greater degree of apparent accuracy than suits the context. For example, advertisers often use the results of surveys to prove what they say about their products. Sometimes they claim a level of precision not based reliably on evidence. So, if a company selling washing powder claims 95.45% of British adults agree that this powder washes whiter than any other, then this level of precision is clearly inappropriate. It is unlikely that all British adults were surveyed, so the results are based only on a sample and not the whole population. At best the company should be claiming that over 95% of those asked agreed that their powder washes whiter than any other. Even if the whole population had been surveyed, to have given the result to two decimal points would have been absurd. The effect is to propose a high degree of scientific precision in the research. Frequently, however, inappropriate precision is an attempt to mask the unscientific nature of a study.

* decimal point: 소수점

Advertisers often give us information with a(n)    (A)    precision, but it can be considered as an intention to  conceal the lack of     (B)     of their research.