Are you honest with yourself about your strengths and weaknesses? Get to really know ①yourself and learn what your weaknesses are. Accepting your role in your problems ②mean that you understand the solution lies within you. If you have a weakness in a certain area, get educated and do ③what you have to do to improve things for yourself. If your social image is terrible, look within yourself and take the necessary steps to improve ④it, TODAY. You have the ability to choose how to respond to life. Decide today to end all the excuses, and stop ⑤lying to yourself about what is going on. The beginning of growth comes when you begin to personally accept responsibility for your choices.

One real concern in the marketing industry today is how to                                            in the age of the remote control and mobile devices. With the growing popularity of digital video recorders, consumers can mute, fast-forward, and skip over commercials entirely. Some advertisers are trying to adapt to these technologies, by planting hidden coupons in frames of their television commercials. Others are desperately trying to make their advertisements more interesting and entertaining to discourage viewers from skipping their ads; still others are simply giving up on television advertising altogether. Some industry experts predict that cable providers and advertisers will eventually be forced to provide incentives in order to encourage consumers to watch their messages. These incentives may come in the form of coupons, or a reduction in the cable bill for each advertisement watched. [3점]

*mute: 음소거하다

① guide people to be wise consumers

② reduce the cost of television advertising

③ keep a close eye on the quality of products

④ make it possible to deliver any goods any time

⑤ win the battle for broadcast advertising exposure

Cutting costs can improve profitability but only up to a point. If the manufacturer cuts costs so deeply ①that doing so harms the product’s quality, then the increased profitability will be short-lived. A better approach is to improve productivity. If businesses can get more production from the same number of employees, they’re ②basically tapping into free money. They get more product to sell, and the price of each product falls. As long as the machinery or employee training ③needed for productivity improvements costs less than the value of the productivity gains, it’s an easy investment for any business to make. Productivity improvements are as important to the economy as they ④do to the individual business that’s making them. Productivity improvements generally raise the standard of living for everyone and ⑤are a good indication of a healthy economy.

Honeybees have evolved what we call “swarm intelligence,” with up to 50,000 workers in a single colony coming together to make democratic decisions. When a hive gets too crowded in springtime, colonies send scouts to look for a new home. If any scouts disagree on where the colony should build its next hive, they argue their case the civilized way: through a dance-off. Each scout performs a “waggle dance” for other scouts in an attempt to convince them of their spot’s merit. The more enthusiastic the dance is, the happier the scout is with his spot. The remainder of the colony                                   , flying to the spot they prefer and joining in the dance until one potential hive overcomes all other dances of the neighborhood. It would be great if Congress settled their disagreements the same way. [3점]

* colony: (개미, 벌 등의) 집단, 군집

① votes with their bodies

② invades other bees’ hives

③ searches for more flowers

④ shows more concern for mates

⑤ improves their communication skills

Though most bees fill their days visiting flowers and collecting pollen, some bees take advantage of the hard work of others. These thieving bees sneak into the nest of an ①unsuspecting “normal” bee (known as the host), lay an egg near the pollen mass being gathered by the host bee for her own offspring, and then sneak back out. When the egg of the thief hatches, it kills the host’s offspring and then eats the pollen meant for ②its victim. Sometimes called brood parasites, these bees are also referred to as cuckoo bees, because they are similar to cuckoo birds, which lay an egg in the nest of another bird and ③leaves it for that bird to raise. They are more ④technically called cleptoparasites. Clepto means “thief” in Greek, and the term cleptoparasite refers specifically to an organism ⑤that lives off another by stealing its food. In this case the cleptoparasite feeds on the host’s hard-earned pollen stores.

* brood parasite: (알을 대신 기르도록 하는) 탁란 동물

Since life began in the oceans, most life, including freshwater life, has a chemical composition more like the ocean than fresh water. It appears that most freshwater life did not originate in fresh water, but is secondarily adapted, having passed from ocean to land and then back again to fresh water. As improbable as this may seem, the bodily fluids of aquatic animals show a strong similarity to oceans, and indeed, most studies of ion balance in freshwater physiology document the complex regulatory mechanisms by which fish, amphibians and invertebrates attempt to                                                       . It is these sorts of unexpected complexities and apparent contradictions that make ecology so interesting. The idea of a fish in a freshwater lake struggling to accumulate salts inside its body to mimic the ocean reminds one of the other great contradiction of the biosphere: plants are bathed in an atmosphere composed of roughly three-quarters nitrogen, yet their growth is frequently restricted by lack of nitrogen. [3점]

* amphibian: 양서류  ** invertebrate: 무척추동물

① maintain an inner ocean in spite of surrounding fresh water

② attain ion balance by removing salts from inside their body

③ return to the ocean to escape from their natural enemies

④ rebuild their external environment to obtain resources

⑤ change their physiology in accord with their surroundings

(A) But the pop song will rarely be sung and played exactly as written; the singer is apt to embellish that vocal line to give it a “styling,” just as the accompanist will fill out the piano part to make it more interesting and personal. The performers might change the original tempo and mood completely.

(B) Both the pop song and the art song tend to follow tried-and-true structural patterns. And both will be published in the same way ― with a vocal line and a basic piano part written out underneath.

(C) You won’t find such extremes of approach by the performers of songs by Franz Schubert or Richard Strauss. These will be performed note for note because both the vocal and piano parts have been painstakingly written down by the composer with an ear for how each relates to the other. [3점]

* embellish: 꾸미다   ** tried-and-true: 유효성이 증명된

① (A) － (C) － (B)      ② (B) － (A) － (C)

③ (B) － (C) － (A)      ④ (C) － (A) － (B)

⑤ (C) － (B) － (A)